Fig. 8

Relative gene expression of iPSCs throughout the differentiation process. Gene expression of POU5F1 decreased in all groups significantly from the mesodermal to the hematopoietic stage (A). CSF1R increased significantly after the mesodermal stage in relation to the hematopoietic stage in the embryoid body-based (EB) differentiation protocol B independent of the iPSC line. Monolayer-based (MB) differentiation showed either no significant increase or an initial Ct value below the detection threshold. Osteoclast markers all showed a significant increase in the EB protocol for both iPSC lines while MB differentiation did not yield sufficient RNA for analyses (C–F). Statistics are based on multiple comparisons using the Holm-Šídák method (n = 3 replicates, except POU5F1: OC stage of PBMC-derived iPSC EB differentiation and hematopoietic stage of PBMC-derived iPSC MB differentiation, as well as CA2: mesodermal stage of fibroblast-derived iPSC MB differentiation, where all replicates were close to, while one replicate was below the detection threshold, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)