Fig. 3From: Oxidative stress regulation and related metabolic pathways in epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer stem cellsOverview of signaling networks contribute to EMT process and metastatic traits. Activation of Notch, Wnt, tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pathways result in the activation of EMT-associated transcription factors (e.g., Snail, Slug, and Twist), that ultimately induce EMT process. As a result of EMT, tumor cells acquire stem cell-like features such as resistance against senescence, immunosuppressive mechanism, chemotherapeutic agents and endocrine therapy in the metastatic cascade (illustration created by biorender.com). This figure adapted from Fig. 1 of reference number 157 [157]Back to article page