Natural Compounds | Inflammatory environment/disease | MSC source | Result | Related mechanism/signaling pathway | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astragaloside | |||||
Astragaloside IV 20–200 µM 40 mg/kg | Iron loading | Bone marrow | Reversed cell viability and proliferation | Iron homeostasis and metabolism | [46] |
Astragaloside and Baicalein 100 ng/ml | LPS | Bone marrow | Decreased cell apoptosis | Anti-inflammation (MAPK/ERK↑) | [34] |
Salvianolic acid | |||||
Salvianolic acid B 10 µM | Hydroperoxide | Bone marrow | Reduced ROS accumulation, attenuated caspase-3 activation, upregulated Bcl-2, and decreased cell apoptosis | MAPK/ERK ↓ | [35] |
Salvianolic acid C 5 mM | LPS/periodontitis | Periodontal ligament | Reduced oxidative stress markers (ROS, NO, and iNOS) Reversed abnormal apoptotic proteins (BAX, BCL-2, Caspase-3) | TLR4/NF-kB ↓ | [33] |
Ginsenoside | |||||
Ginsenoside Rb1 10−6 M | Hydroperoxide | Bone marrow | Showed a good anti-oxidative effect and improved cell viability | N/A | [23] |
Ginsenoside Rg1 100 μg/ml | Hypoxia and serum deprivation | Bone marrow | Reversed the upregulated expression of RhoA, ROCK-1, BAD, BAX, and increased the expression of Bcl-2, miR-494-3p | mir-494-3p↑/ROCK-1↓/Bcl-2 ↑ | [45] |
Ginsenoside Rg1 20 mg/kg | D-Galactose-induced aged rat | Bone marrow | Reversed cell proliferation, and exerted antioxidant effects by reducing the level of ROS and increasing the level of SOD | p16 p53 p21↓ | [47] |
Berberine | |||||
4 μM | Hypoxia and serum deprivation | Adipose tissue | Reduced ROS and reversed cell survival rate Alleviated apoptosis and autophagy | AMPK↓/mTOR autophagy↓ | [42] |
EGCG | |||||
EGCG | Diabetes with pancreatic damage | Adipose tissue | Increased cell viability and survival protein expression, suppressed apoptotic protein markers. Enhanced the therapeutic effect of ADSC injection on pancreatic function | p-AKT↑ SIRT↑( in vivo) | [37] |
EGCG 10 μM | Thermal injury | Wharton's jelly | Reduced the number of apoptotic cells, upregulated gene expression of Bcl2l1 and downregulated Bax | ERK↑ AKT↑ | [38] |
EGCG 5&10&20 μM | Hypoxia | Bone marrow | Inhibited cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 and ameliorated hypoxia-caused MSC viability reduction | miR-210 ↑ | [62] |
Resveratrol | |||||
5 μM | LPS | Periodontal ligament | Inhibited PDLSCs apoptosis directly and through the PDLSCs-mediated apoptosis of activated T-cell | ERK/FASL↑ T-cell apoptosis | [7] |
15 μg/cm2 | Sterile inflammation with titanium implants | Bone marrow | Decreased the ROS production | ROS/NF-κB↓ | [30] |
200 μM | TNF-α osteoporosis | Bone marrow | Rescued the impaired capacity of proliferation and migration | N/A | [29] |
25 μM | Osteolysis induced by titanium | Bone marrow | Decreased the caspase-3 levels and reduced cell apoptosis | N/A | [54] |
0.5 μM | Pulp-capping material | Bone marrow | Increased cell viability and decreased the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells | N/A | [25] |
0.05 μM | Metabolic syndrome | Adipose tissue | Ameliorated apoptosis, senescence and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and restored proper functions of impaired cells through MVs derived from RSV & azacytydine treated ADSC. Apoptotic genes: p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax↓ Bcl-2↑ ERs related genes: Atf-6, Ire-1, Eif2, Perk↓ | N/A | [24] |
0.05/5 μM | Metabolic syndrome | Adipose tissue | Increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis and senescence, and suppressed ROS accumulation in ADSC treated with azacytydine together | N/A | [28] |