Fig. 1From: Culture of Hoffa fat pad mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on microcarrier suspension in vertical wheel bioreactor for extracellular vesicle productionSchematic overview of 2D and 3D HFP-MSC-EV production protocols. For 2D EVs characterisation, only particle concentration was assessed via NTA in scatter mode. The observed low EV yield led to the establishement of a 3D EV production procedure using vertical wheel bioreactorsBack to article page