Cyclosporine-assisted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy to mitigate acute kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury

Table 2 mRNA expression of apoptotic, inflammatory, oxidative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mediators in renal parenchyma after injury

Variable	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	Group 5	P value
Caspase 3	1*	1.24 ± 0.15^†	0.91 ± 0.09^‡	0.88 ± 0.07^‡	0.6 ± 0.06^§	<0.0001
Bcl-2	1*	0.60 ± 0.06^†	0.73 ± 0.06^‡	0.77 ± 0.06^‡	0.94 ± 0.09^§	<0.0009
TNF-α	1*	1.21 ± 0.09^†	0.88 ± 0.07^‡	0.84 ± 0.04^‡	0.56 ± 0.07^§	<0.0001
MMP-9	1*	1.32 ± 0.1^†	0.94 ± 0.08^‡	0.92 ± 0.04^‡	0.69 ±0.05^§	<0.0001
RANTES	1*	1.30 ± 0.04^†	1.03 ± 0.04^‡	1.08 ± 0.06^‡	0.84 ± 0.07^§	<0.003
NOX-1	1*	1.30 ± 0.09^†	1.07 ± 0.05^‡	1.03 ± 0.04^‡	0.89 ± 0.05^§	<0.007
HO-1	1*	1.43 ± 0.10^†	1.66 ± 0.09^‡	1.92 ± 0.11^§	2.32 ± 0.11^¶	<0.0001
NQO 1	1*	1.1 ± 0.07^†	1.22 ± 0.09^‡	1.32 ± 0.04^§	1.44 ± 0.10^¶	<0.0001
IL-10	1*	1.66 ± 0.07^†	1.60 ± 0.11^‡	2.09 ± 0.06^§	2.75 ± 0.11^¶	<0.0001
PGE-2	1*	0.82 ± 0.10^†	1.05 ± 0.07^‡	1.17 ± 0.05^§	1.29 ± 0.07^¶	<0.0001
eNOS	1*	0.62 ± 0.04^†	0.75 ± 0.05^‡	0.89 ± 0.05^§	1.11 ± 0.04*	<0.0001

Relative changes in mRNA expression of apoptotic, inflammatory, oxidative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mediators in renal parenchyma after ischemia–reperfusion injury (n = 8 in each group). Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NOX, NAD(P)H oxidase; NQO, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; RANTES, regulated and normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted. Group 1 = sham control; group 2 = ischemia–reperfusion (IR); group 3 = IR + cyclosporine (CsA); group 4 = IR + adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC); group 5 = IR + CsA + ADMSC. Statistical analysis in each group by analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post-hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level) by Bonferroni multiple-comparison post-hoc test: † vs. ‡ vs. § vs. ¶, all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons.