Table 2 Intrahepatic animal stem cell tracking studies with MRI
From: Noninvasive in-vivo tracing and imaging of transplanted stem cells for liver regeneration
Study | Species (n) | Animal model | Cell type | Agent | Delivery/number of cells infused | Study observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pang et al., 2015 [22] | Rats (18) | CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model | Allogeneic BMSCs | PEG-g-PEI-SPIO | Mesenteric vein/106 | Detection of modified cells for up to 2Â weeks post transplantation Labeled cells were still present in the liver intralobular parenchyma after 2Â weeks The labeling process displayed good biocompatibility |
Zhao et al., 2014 [23] | Mice (12) | CCl4-induced liver injury model | Xenogeneic AD-MSCs | SPIO | Splenic vein/107 | Hypointense MRI images were detected until 7Â days The attenuation of MRI signals mainly arose from excretion of SPIO Fluorescence and PB staining showed that the SPIO particles were still inside the stem cells The location of AD-MSC accumulation was well integrated with the liver injury focus |
Chen et al., 2012 [25] | Rats (40) | PHx-induced liver injury model | Allogeneic BMSCs | SPIO | Directly intrahepatic into residual lobe/106 | An oval hypointense area at injection sites was visible within 2Â weeks by MRI, while the signal intensity decreased with time PB stain showed the presence of Feridex-labeled cells in the liver sinusoid |
Wang et al., 2014 [26] | Mice (12) | CCl4-induced liver injury model | Allogeneic EPCs | SPIO | Caudal vein/106 | Detection of grafted cells after 8Â days PB stain revealed SPION containing stem cells accumulated in the liver parenchyma, particularly along sinusoids and portal areas |
Bos et al., 2004 [27] | Rats (4) | CCl4-induced ALF model | Allogeneic BMSCs | SPIO | Portal vein/106 | Detection of cells up to 12Â days Signal intensity loss of MRI appeared a granular pattern Matching areas stained positive for PB and CD90 antigen of postmortem liver tissue showed the SPIO particles were retained in the originally labeled cells |
Cai et al., 2008 [28] | Rats (30) | CCl4-induced ALF model | Allogeneic BMSCs | SPIO | Hepatic artery/106 | Hypointense MRI images faded over time and were detected within 7Â days Cell viability was not impaired by labeling procedure for up to 4Â weeks PB staining and DAPI-stained blue fluorescent nuclei showed the presence of original iron particles containing cells |
Zhou et al., 2010 [29] | Rats (18) | CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model | Allogeneic BMSCs | SPIO | Mesenteric vein/106 | Detection of grafted cells for 12Â days in BMSC-labeled group, but for only 3Â days in cell-free SPIO group PB staining showed the presence of originally labeled cells in the portal region at 3Â days, and mainly in the injured areas of intralobular parenchyma at 15Â days |
Kim et al., 2010 [31] | Rats (14) | DMN-induced liver fibrosis model | Xenogeneic BMSCs | MNP SPIO | Intrasplenic injection/106 | Detection of transplanted cells after 14Â days The decrease of MRI signal intensity was more obvious in MNP-tagged group. Masson trichrome staining and autofluorescent images of MNP-tagged cells showed most stem cells migrated to the fibrous septa |
Ju et al., 2007 [32] | Rats (12) | CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis model | Allogeneic BMSCs | SPIO | Splenic vein/106 | Detection of injected cells for up to 2Â weeks No visible blue particles were found in unlabeled cells after PB staining Grafted cells were mainly distributed in periportal and injured areas |