Table 5 Priming of MSC with other molecules

LL-37

Placenta

–

In vitro

Increased migration and immunosuppressive function; increased expression of IDO, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-1β; increased TLR-3 levels

[154]

S1P or LL-37

Adipose tissue and cord blood

Pulmonary artery hypertension model

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Increased angiogenic potential by upregulation of VEGFA, CXCR4, PDGF, HGF, and Ang-1; improved self-renewal and anti-inflammatory properties; increased density of lung blood vessels (S1P)

[155]

LPS

Adipose tissue

Partial hepatectomy model

In vitro/in vivo (mice)

Increased IL-6, TNF-α, HGF, VEGF levels in vitro; enhanced liver regeneration and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels.

[146]

LPS and poly(I:C)

Bone marrow

–

In vitro

Induced immunosuppressive TLR3-driven phenotype, secretion CCL10, CCL5, IL-4 and IL-10, PGE2 and IDO (Poly(I:C)); Induced pro-inflammatory TLR4-driven phenotype, secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 (LPS).

[145]

DPS30

Bone marrow

–

In vitro

Increased proliferation and immunosuppressive potential; increased TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-β1, VCAM, CD39, CD73 and adenosine levels.

[147]

Curcumin

Adipose tissue (rat)

Myocardial injury model

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Increased viability; reduced fibrosis and promoted neovascularization by upregulation of VEGF2; decreased myocardial apoptosis

[160]

Curcumin

Bone marrow (rat)

In vitro

Increased osteogenesis differentiation; upregulation of HO-1, RUNX2, and osteocalcin.

[161]

Ang1

Bone marrow (rat)

Acute myocardial infarction model

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Increased cell survival due to Akt phosphorylation and increase expression of Bcl-2.

[162]

Apelin-13

Bone marrow (mice)

–

In vitro

Increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis; induced angiogenesis in hypoxic-ischemic condition by VEGF upregulation.

[157]

DHT

Wharton’s jelly

–

In vitro

Increased proliferation; upregulated cell migration and pro-angiogenic factors, such as MMP-9, VEGF, and angiogenin.

[156]

Oxytocin

Bone marrow (diabetic rat)

Myocardial infarction

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Restored secretion of KLF2; increased angiogenesis in vitro; improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis in vivo.

[159]

Melatonin

Bone marrow (rat)

Osteoporosis and colitis model

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Preserved self-renewal and differentiation capacity after long-term passaging; preserved therapeutic potential of long-term passaged MSC in bone regeneration and immunotherapy in vivo.

[153]

Melatonin

Bone marrow (rat)

Diabetic nephropathy model

In vitro/in vivo (rats)

Increased insulin and decreased angiotensin II levels; improved kidney functions.

[151]

Tetrandrine

Bone marrow

Ear skin inflammation model

In vitro/in vivo (mice)

Increased PGE-2 expression; decreased production of TNF-α in vivo.

[144]

Ro-31-8425

Bone marrow

Ear skin inflammation model

In vitro/in vivo (mice)

Increased homing ability and immunosuppressive potential in vivo through CD11a upregulation and strong adhesion to ICAM-1.

[163]