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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Electromagnetic fields regulate calcium-mediated cell fate of stem cells: osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and apoptosis

Fig. 1

Cascades of EMF-induced calcium ion. Electromagnetic fields stimulation induces calcium oscillations in stem cells, and activation of calcium ion after endocytosis can activate multiple downstream signaling pathways that promote stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation or chondrogenic differentiation[18, 20, 40, 70, 71, 74, 79]. The figure was created with BioRender.com

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512